6月26日午間英語新聞：全球海水溫度持續(xù)升高 2023或成史上最熱年

Highest ocean temperatures ever recorded in May

全球海水溫度持續(xù)升高 2023或成史上最熱年

Scientists have gathered further evidence that ocean waters are continuing to warm along with the rest of the planet. Ocean temperatures reached record-breaking highs for the month of May, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration （NOAA） announced during its monthly climate call.

科學(xué)家收集到了更多證據(jù)證明，和地球其他地方一樣，海水也在繼續(xù)升溫。美國(guó)國(guó)家海洋和大氣管理局發(fā)布的全球氣候月度報(bào)告中稱，今年5月份海洋溫度創(chuàng)下了歷史新高。

Four main factors are contributing to the historic warming of global sea surface temperatures: human-induced climate change, a developing El Nino event, effects from the 2022 Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai volcano eruption, and a new shipping emissions policy aimed at reducing air pollution, said Daniel Swain, a climate scientist at UCLA. 

洛杉磯加州大學(xué)的氣候?qū)W家丹尼爾·斯溫指出，全球海洋表面溫度的破紀(jì)錄高溫是由四個(gè)主要因素導(dǎo)致的：人為引起的氣候變化、發(fā)展中的厄爾尼諾事件、2022年洪加湯加-洪加哈派火山噴發(fā)和旨在減少空氣污染的船舶排放新政策的影響。

Temperatures were above average throughout most of North America, South America and Africa. Parts of Western Europe, Northwestern Russia, Southeast Asia and the Arctic also experienced warmer than average temperatures this month, said Rocky Bilotta, climatologist at the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information.

美國(guó)國(guó)家海洋和大氣管理局國(guó)家環(huán)境信息中心的氣候?qū)W家洛基·畢洛塔說，北美、南美和非洲的大部分地區(qū)的溫度都超過了平均值。西歐、俄羅斯西北部、東南亞和北極的部分地區(qū)5月也經(jīng)歷了比平均水平更高的溫度。

The warmest global record for the time period between March and May was also reached, according to NOAA. And 2023 is very likely to rank among the 10 warmest years on record, according to the National Centers for Environmental Information statistical analysis, which was released in April. Should warmer ocean and air surface temperatures continue, 2023 could become the warmest year on record.

美國(guó)國(guó)家海洋和大氣管理局指出，3月至5月期間的溫度也達(dá)到了史上最高水平。環(huán)境信息中心4月發(fā)布的統(tǒng)計(jì)分析報(bào)告也顯示，2023年很可能會(huì)成為史上十大最熱年之一。如果海水和大氣的表面溫度繼續(xù)升高，2023年可能會(huì)成為有史以來最熱的年份。

Scientists anticipate that the current high temperatures could increase in the coming weeks and set record-shattering numbers, which could spell disaster for coastal communities all over the world. Warmer ocean waters can contribute to more powerful tropical storms and impact marine life. In addition, a warmer atmosphere holds more moisture and can increase potential flooding events. Melting sea ice in the Arctic is also causing sea levels to rise, which is eroding coastlines.

科學(xué)家預(yù)期，未來數(shù)周海洋的這種高溫天數(shù)會(huì)增多并可能打破紀(jì)錄，這可能會(huì)給世界各地的沿海社區(qū)帶來災(zāi)難。海水溫度升高會(huì)引發(fā)更猛烈的熱帶風(fēng)暴并影響海洋生物。此外，濕熱的空氣含有更多水分，這會(huì)增大發(fā)生洪水的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。北極融化的海冰也會(huì)導(dǎo)致海平面升高，從而侵蝕海岸線。

重點(diǎn)詞匯：

climatologist

英[?kla?m??t?l?d?ist]

美[?kla?m??tɑ?l?d?ist]

n.氣候?qū)W家;

A daytime nap is good for the brain

最新研究：睡午覺可以延緩大腦萎縮 火速安排！

Regularly finding time for a little snooze is good for our brain and helps keep it bigger for longer, say University College London researchers.

英國(guó)倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院的研究人員指出，定期午睡對(duì)大腦有好處，能延緩大腦萎縮。

The brain naturally shrinks with age, but whether naps could help prevent diseases like Alzheimer's will still need extra research. Overall brain health is important for protecting against dementia, and the condition is linked to disturbed sleep.

隨著年齡增大，大腦會(huì)自然地萎縮，但是午睡能否預(yù)防阿爾茨海默癥等疾病仍需要更多研究。大腦健康對(duì)于預(yù)防癡呆癥十分重要，而癡呆癥和睡眠不佳有關(guān)。

The researchers suggest poor sleep is damaging the brain over time by causing inflammation and affecting the connections between brain cells. "Thus, regular napping could protect against neurodegeneration by compensating for deficient sleep," researcher Valentina Paz said.

研究人員指出，長(zhǎng)時(shí)間睡不好會(huì)損害大腦，導(dǎo)致大腦炎癥，從而影響腦細(xì)胞之間的聯(lián)系。研究員瓦倫蒂娜·帕茲說：“因此，定期午睡能彌補(bǔ)睡眠不足，從而預(yù)防神經(jīng)退行性疾病。”

Napping might boost health, but the reverse is also true as your health can leave you so tired you need to nap more. So the researchers used a clever technique to prove that napping is beneficial.

午睡可能有利于健康，但是反過來，你的身體如果特別累，也會(huì)需要更多的小憩。所以研究人員用了一種巧妙的技術(shù)來證明午睡的益處。

They used a gigantic natural experiment based on DNA. Previous studies have identified 97 snippets of our DNA that either make us more likely to be nappers or to power through the day. The team took data from 35,000 people, aged 40 to 69, taking part in the UK Biobank project, and simply compared those genetic "nappers" and "non-nappers".

他們采用了基于DNA的超大型自然實(shí)驗(yàn)的數(shù)據(jù)。先前的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，人類DNA中有97個(gè)片段決定你是否喜歡午睡。因此該團(tuán)隊(duì)抽取了參加英國(guó)生物樣本庫(kù)計(jì)劃的年齡在40歲和69歲之間的3.5萬人的數(shù)據(jù)，并將天生的午睡者和不午睡者做了比較。

The results, published in the journal Sleep Health, showed a 15 cubic centimeter difference - equivalent to 2.6 to 6.5 years of aging.

發(fā)表在《睡眠健康》期刊上的這項(xiàng)研究結(jié)果顯示，二者大腦體積相差了15立方厘米，相當(dāng)于前者比后者晚衰老2.6至6.5年。

重點(diǎn)詞匯：

1、neurodegeneration

英[nju?r??ded?en?'re??n]

美[nju?r??ded?en?'re??n] 

神經(jīng)變性; 神經(jīng)退行性變; 神經(jīng)退行性病變; 神經(jīng)元退變

2、compensating

英[?k?mpense?t??]

美[?kɑ?mpense?t??]

v.補(bǔ)償; 給(某人)賠償(或賠款); 彌補(bǔ);

n.補(bǔ)償；修正；抵消;

adj.補(bǔ)償?shù)?；平衡?