As China actively responds to climate change by following the green and low-carbon development path depicted by President Xi Jinping, curbing coal consumption in a phased manner will serve national interests and guarantee the country's long-term energy security, experts said.
專家們說，在中國積極應對氣候變化，走國家主席習近平描繪的綠色低碳發(fā)展之路之際，分階段嚴格控制煤炭消費增長符合國家利益，保障國家的長期能源安全。
They also emphasized that China will unswervingly honor its commitment to restraining coal consumption.
他們還強調，中國將堅定不移地履行控制煤炭消費增長的承諾。
While addressing the Leaders Summit on Climate via video link from Beijing in April 2021, the president said China will limit the increase of coal consumption over the 14th Five-Year Plan period (2021-25) and phase down coal consumption during the 15th Five-Year Plan period.
2021年4月，習近平主席以視頻方式出席領導人氣候峰會并發(fā)表重要講話時表示，中國將嚴控煤電項目，“十四五”時期嚴控煤炭消費增長、“十五五”時期逐步減少。
Tackling climate change is one of China's major concerns. During a two-day national conference on ecological and environmental protection that concluded on Tuesday, President Xi noted that to promote the green and low-carbon transition in the country's approach to economic growth is the fundamental solution to ecological and environmental issues.
應對氣候變化是中國的主要關切之一。在7月17日至18日召開的全國生態(tài)環(huán)境保護大會上，國家主席習近平指出，要加快推動發(fā)展方式綠色低碳轉型，堅持把綠色低碳發(fā)展作為解決生態(tài)環(huán)境問題的治本之策。
China will strive to build a clean, low-carbon, secure and efficient energy system, and accelerate the construction of a new electricity system, he said.
他表示，中國將努力構建清潔低碳安全高效的能源體系，加快構建新型電力系統(tǒng)。
Xi also presided over a meeting of the Central Commission for Comprehensively Deepening Reform on July 11, which saw the adoption of a policy document to promote the gradual transition from dual control over the amount and intensity of energy consumption to dual control over the amount and intensity of carbon emissions.
習近平還在7月11日下午主持召開中央全面深化改革委員會第二次會議，會議審議通過了一份政策文件，旨在推動能耗雙控逐步轉向碳排放雙控。
It was noted at the meeting that persistent efforts must be made to create the conditions for this transition and to strike a balance between economic development and carbon emissions reduction in accordance with the actual situation.
在會議上指出，應加強碳排放雙控基礎能力建設，健全碳排放雙控各項配套制度，為建立和實施碳排放雙控制度積極創(chuàng)造條件。
The experts' remarks coincided with the four-day visit to China by John Kerry, the United States' special presidential envoy for climate. Kerry's visit, which was scheduled to end on Wednesday, came after China suspended climate talks with the US last year following the controversial visit by Nancy Pelosi, then speaker of the US House of Representatives, to China's Taiwan region in August.
專家們的發(fā)言正值美國總統(tǒng)氣候問題特使約翰·克里對中國進行為期四天的訪問?？死锏脑L問原定于7月19日結束。去年8月，時任美國眾議院議長南?！づ迓逦鞑活欀蟹綇娏曳磳?zhí)意“竄臺”，中方隨后暫停中美雙邊氣候變化商談。
Coal consumption is a common concern of China and the US. In a 2021 joint declaration on enhancing climate change actions in the 2020s, they said, "Both countries also recall their respective commitments regarding the elimination of support for unabated international thermal coal power generation."
煤炭消費是中美兩國的共同關注點。在2021年的《中美關于在21世紀20年代強化氣候行動的格拉斯哥聯(lián)合宣言》中，雙方回顧各自關于終止對未加裝減排設施的國際煤電支持的承諾。
China announced in 2021 that it would no longer build new coal-fired power projects abroad.
習近平主席在2021年9月宣布中國將不再在海外建設新的燃煤發(fā)電項目。
Recently, some foreign media questioned China's resolution to curb coal consumption because of what they alleged were increases in the country's coal consumption, as well as newly approved coal-fired power generation capacity.
最近，一些外國媒體對中國控制煤炭消費的決議提出質疑，因為他們稱中國的煤炭消費量以及新批準的燃煤發(fā)電能力都有所增加。
Wang Zhongying, head of the Energy Research Institute at the Academy of Macroeconomic Research, said that these reports had no solid data support and failed to recognize the long-term trend of coal consumption in China.
中國宏觀經(jīng)濟研究院能源研究所王仲穎表示，這些報道沒有實質性的數(shù)據(jù)支持，并未認識到中國煤炭消費的長期趨勢。
China will have to make arduous efforts to realize its climate targets of peaking carbon dioxide emissions before 2030 and achieving carbon neutrality before 2060, he said. The COVID-19 epidemic, the Russia-Ukraine conflict and volatility in the international landscape have posed more challenges as the country strives to reach the goals.
他表示，中國要力爭2030年前實現(xiàn)碳達峰，2060年前實現(xiàn)碳中和的目標。在中國努力實現(xiàn)這些目標的過程中，新型冠狀病毒疫情、俄烏沖突和國際形勢的動蕩帶來了更多挑戰(zhàn)。
Against such a backdrop, "fluctuations in coal consumption (in China) are something normal", Wang said. "I hope everyone will look at the trend, rather than just focusing on a certain year or the past one to two years."
在這種背景下，王仲穎表示，“中國的煤炭消費波動是正常的現(xiàn)象”。他希望大家能夠看到整體趨勢，而不僅僅關注某一年或過去一兩年的情況。
With the robust development of solar and wind energy in China, the annual operation hours of China's coal-fired power plants have been declining, Wang said.
他表示，隨著中國太陽能和風能的強勁發(fā)展，中國的燃煤電廠年運行小時數(shù)逐漸下降。
China has been leading the world in both speed and scale regarding solar and wind energy development. "On average, the newly developed annual generation capacities for solar and wind energy in China almost cover one-third of the total annual global new capacity. Sometimes, even half," he said.
中國在太陽能和風能發(fā)展方面一直引領世界，速度和規(guī)模都居于領先地位。他表示：“平均來說，中國每年新建的太陽能和風能發(fā)電容量幾乎占據(jù)全球新建總容量的三分之一。有時甚至達到一半。”
Meanwhile, the average annual operation hours of China's coal-fired power plants have decreased from the roughly 7,000 hours in the early period of China's reform and opening-up policy, which was launched in 1978,to about 4,000 hours now, he said.
“同時，中國燃煤電廠的平均年運行小時數(shù)從1978年改革開放初期的大約7000小時，下降到現(xiàn)在的約4000小時?！?/p>
"As the capacities for solar and wind power generation continue to grow, I expect to see the average annual operation hours continue to decline," he said.
他表示：“隨著太陽能和風能發(fā)電容量不斷增加，我預計平均年運行小時數(shù)會繼續(xù)下降。”
Wang also said that to reduce coal consumption doesn't necessarily mean that China must reduce the installed capacity of coal-fired power plants, which are still needed as "peaker" plants that operate during times of high demand, to help stabilize power system operation.
王仲穎還表示，減少煤炭消費并不意味著中國必須減少燃煤電廠的裝機容量，這些電廠仍然是“調峰電廠”，在需求高峰時運行，有助于穩(wěn)定電力系統(tǒng)運行。
The annual average operation hours of coal-fired power plants in Yunnan province, for instance, have been reduced to about 1,000. But these plants play a significant role in ensuring the stability and reliability of local power systems, he said.
他表示，比如，云南省的燃煤電廠年平均運行時間已經(jīng)降低到約1000小時。但是這些電廠在確保當?shù)仉娏ο到y(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性和可靠性方面發(fā)揮著重要作用。
"I suggest that media reporters wait until the end of the 14th Five-Year Plan period or the beginning of the 15th Five-Year Plan period to see the actual progress China has made in (curbing coal consumption). There are only two-and-a-half years to go," Wang said.
他說道：“我建議媒體記者等待到第十四個五年計劃期末或第十五個五年計劃期初，來看中國在（控制煤炭消費）方面取得的實際進展。還有兩年半的時間?！?/p>
Quoting a 2021 study by Princeton University, Li Zheng, dean of the Institute of Climate Change and Sustainable Development at Tsinghua University, stressed the importance of coal-fired power plants for the stability of China's power grid.
清華大學氣候變化與可持續(xù)發(fā)展研究院院長李政引用了普林斯頓大學2021年的一項研究，強調了燃煤電廠對中國電網(wǎng)穩(wěn)定性的重要性。
The study, which analyzes five pathways for the US to get to net-zero emissions by 2050, said, "To ensure reliability, all cases maintain 500-1,000 GW (gigawatts) of firm generating capacity through all years."
該研究分析了美國實現(xiàn)2050年凈零排放的五種途徑，并指出：“為確?？煽啃裕星榫霸谒心攴荻急３?00-1,000吉瓦的穩(wěn)定發(fā)電能力?！?/p>
Li said, "Countries across the world all need a stable power source to guarantee the security (of their power systems). For the US, such a power source is electricity generated from natural gas. For China, it is coal-fired power."
他表示：“全世界的國家都需要穩(wěn)定的電力來源來保障電力系統(tǒng)的安全。對于美國來說，這種電力來源是天然氣發(fā)電。而對于中國來說，是燃煤發(fā)電?！?/p>
Liu Yanhua, honorary director of China's national committee of experts on climate change, said that phasing down coal consumption serves China's own interests.
中國國家氣候變化專家委員會名譽主任劉燕華表示，減少燃煤消費符合中國的利益。
Currently, coal accounts for about 56 percent of China's energy consumption mix, Liu said.
劉燕華表示，目前煤炭在中國能源消費結構中約占56%。
The nation also depends on imports for 71 percent of its crude oil and 40 percent of its natural gas, he added.
他還補充說，中國目前對原油的進口依賴率達71%，天然氣進口依賴率為40%。
The country boasts almost 207.9 billion metric tons of coal reserves, about 171 billion tons of which are usable. The workable reserve is only enough to be exploited for 40 years, he said.
他表示，中國擁有近2079億公噸的煤炭儲量，其中約有1710億噸可開采?？砷_采的儲量僅足夠開采40年。
"China's natural energy reserve condition determines that it must take the path of developing green energy. We urgently need to change," he emphasized, indicating the urgency for China to address its heavy reliance on coal.
他強調，“中國的自然能源儲備狀況決定了我們必須走發(fā)展綠色能源的道路。我們迫切需要改變這一點。”顯示了中國解決對煤炭的嚴重依賴的緊迫性。
Energy
英/?en?d?i/ 美/?en?rd?i/
n.能，能量
Consumption
英/k?n?s?mp?(?)n/ 美/k?n?s?mp?(?)n/
n.消費，消耗
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