1月3日午間英語新聞：2023年《自然》雜志十大人物增加了非人類

> 'Vitalize' is nation's most popular character at home
“振”當(dāng)選2023年度國內(nèi)字

The Chinese character zhen, meaning "vitalize", was named the nation's most popular character related to domestic affairs this year, while the character wei, meaning "risk" or "crisis", was chosen for international topics. The characters are among a list of popular words, as well as phrases, collected in an annual assessment organized by agencies including the Ministry of Education's National Language Resources Monitoring and Research Center, and the Commercial Press publishing house.

由教育部國家語言資源監(jiān)測與研究中心、商務(wù)印書館等單位聯(lián)合主辦的“漢語盤點(diǎn)2023”活動(dòng)揭曉今年的“年度字詞”。其中“振”字當(dāng)選年度國內(nèi)字，“危”字當(dāng)選年度國際字。

Organizers explained that "vitalize" represents an upward trend and a gesture of trying to make an effort, and that's the spirit one should have, whether it's a country or an individual, when facing challenges and obstacles.
主辦方稱，“振”是上升的趨勢，是奮起的姿態(tài)。無論 是國家還是個(gè)體，這是面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)、遭遇風(fēng)雨時(shí)應(yīng)該具有的精神。

Meanwhile, it said that internationally, the world's path has come to a crossroads amid wars and conflicts, sluggish economies, a widening gap in development and a worsening environment. Organizers called for looking for opportunities hidden in the crises, and using dialogue and cooperation to handle differences in order to build a fairer, better world.
當(dāng)今世界正處于十字路口，戰(zhàn)爭和沖突交織，世界經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇艱難，發(fā)展鴻溝不斷拉大，生態(tài)環(huán)境持續(xù)惡化。主辦方呼吁，在危機(jī)中育新機(jī)，以對(duì)話彌合分歧、以合作化解爭端，才能營造一個(gè)公道、美好的世界。

In addition to characters, gaozhiliang fazhan, or high-quality development, was chosen as the key domestic phrase of the year, while ChatGPT was named the annual phrase in international topics.
除了年度字，“高質(zhì)量發(fā)展”當(dāng)選年度國內(nèi)詞，而ChatGPT當(dāng)選年度國際詞。

This year marked the 18th time that such a list was published. Over the last month, the same organizers also revealed the top 10 popular phrases, online catchphrases and new words.
“漢語盤點(diǎn)2023”活動(dòng)至今已走過十八個(gè)年頭，上個(gè)月，主辦方還發(fā)布了年度十大流行語、十大網(wǎng)絡(luò)用語、十大新詞語。

重點(diǎn)單詞
1、sluggish
英/ ?sl?ɡ?? / 美/ ?sl?ɡ?? /
adj. 緩慢的，遲鈍的，懶洋洋的；性能欠佳的

2、high-quality development
高質(zhì)量發(fā)展

3、catchphrase
英/ ?k?t?fre?z /
美/ ?k?t?fre?z??ket?fre?z /
n. 標(biāo)語，警句

> ChatGPT and science: the AI system was a force in 2023 — for good and bad
2023年《自然》雜志十大人物增加了非人類

It co-wrote scientific papers — sometimes surreptitiously. It drafted outlines for presentations, grant proposals and classes, churned out computer code, and served as a sounding board for research ideas. It also invented references, made up facts and regurgitated hate speech. Most of all, it captured people's imaginations: by turns obedient, engaging, entertaining, even terrifying, ChatGPT took on whatever role its users desired — and some they didn't.
它與人共同撰寫科學(xué)論文——有時(shí)是不為人知的。它為演講、資助提案和課程起草大綱，編寫計(jì)算機(jī)代碼，并作為研究想法的參謀。它也會(huì)編造參考文獻(xiàn)、捏造事實(shí)、反復(fù)傳播仇恨言論。最重要的是，它激發(fā)了人們的想象力：時(shí)而順從，時(shí)而引人入勝，時(shí)而有趣，甚至?xí)r而令人生畏，ChatGPT扮演著對(duì)話者想要的任何角色——以及有些不是他們想要的角色。

That's why this year's Nature's 10 has a non-human addition. Why include a computer program on a list of people who have shaped science in 2023? ChatGPT is not a person. Yet in many ways, this program has had a profound and wide-ranging effect on science in the past year.
為什么要把一個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)程序列入影響2023年科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的人物名單中？ChatGPT并非人類。然而，在過去的一年里，這個(gè)程序在許多方面對(duì)科學(xué)產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)而廣泛的影響。

ChatGPT's sole objective is to plausibly continue dialogues in the style of its training data. But in doing so, it and other generative artificial-intelligence (AI) programs are changing how scientists work. They have also rekindled debates about the limits of AI, the nature of human intelligence, and how best to regulate the interaction between the two. 
ChatGPT的唯一目標(biāo)是以其訓(xùn)練數(shù)據(jù)的風(fēng)格合理地繼續(xù)對(duì)話。但在此過程中，它和其他生成式人工智能程序正在改變科學(xué)家們的工作方式。它們還重新引發(fā)了關(guān)于人工智能的局限性、人類智能的本質(zhì)以及如何最好地規(guī)范兩者之間互動(dòng)的爭論。這就是為什么今年《自然》雜志十大人物增加了非人類。

For some researchers, these apps have already become invaluable lab assistants — helping to summarize or write manuscripts, polish applications and write code. ChatGPT and related software can help to brainstorm ideas, enhance scientific search engines and identify research gaps in the literature, says Marinka Zitnik, who works on AI for medical research at Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts. Models trained in similar ways on scientific data could help to build AI systems that can guide research, perhaps by designing new molecules or simulating cell behavior, Zitnik adds.
對(duì)于一些研究人員來說，這些應(yīng)用程序已經(jīng)成為寶貴的實(shí)驗(yàn)室助手——幫助總結(jié)或撰寫論文初稿、潤色申請(qǐng)書和編寫代碼。馬薩諸塞州波士頓哈佛醫(yī)學(xué)院從事人工智能醫(yī)學(xué)研究的瑪麗卡·齊特尼克表示，ChatGPT及相關(guān)軟件有助于集思廣益，提升科學(xué)搜索引擎的性能，并在學(xué)術(shù)論文中找出尚未研究的領(lǐng)域。齊特尼克補(bǔ)充道，以類似方式對(duì)科學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練的模型有助于構(gòu)建能夠指導(dǎo)研究的人工智能系統(tǒng)，也許可以設(shè)計(jì)出新的分子或模擬細(xì)胞行為。

But the technology is also dangerous. Automated conversational agents can aid cheats and plagiarists; left unchecked, they could irreversibly foul the well of scientific knowledge. Undisclosed AI-made content has begun to percolate through the Internet, and some scientists have admitted using ChatGPT to generate articles without declaring it.
但這項(xiàng)技術(shù)也很危險(xiǎn)。自動(dòng)對(duì)話機(jī)器人可能會(huì)幫助作弊者和剽竊者；如果不加以控制，可能會(huì)對(duì)科學(xué)知識(shí)寶庫造成不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的破壞。未經(jīng)披露的AI生成內(nèi)容已經(jīng)開始在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上流傳一些科學(xué)家承認(rèn)使用ChatGPT生成文章卻未聲明。

No one knows how much more there is to squeeze out of ChatGPT-like systems. Their capabilities might yet be limited by the availability of computing power or new training data. But the generative AI revolution has started. And there's no turning back.
沒有人知道ChatGPT這樣的系統(tǒng)還有多少潛力可挖掘。它們的能力可能會(huì)受到算力或新訓(xùn)練數(shù)據(jù)的限制。但生成式AI革命已經(jīng)開始，且已沒有回頭路。

重點(diǎn)單詞
1、regurgitate
英/ r??ɡ??d??te?t /
美/ r??ɡ??rd??te?t /
vi. 回流；回涌；反胃；反芻
vt. 使回流；使回涌；使反芻

2、obedient
英/ ??bi?di?nt /
美/ ??bi?di?nt /
adj. 服從的，順從的

3、in doing so
這樣做時(shí)；在這樣做的過程中

4、rekindle
英/ ?ri??k?nd(?)l /
美/ ?ri??k?nd(?)l /
vi. 重新點(diǎn)燃
vt. 重新點(diǎn)燃；再點(diǎn)火

5、molecule
英/ ?m?l?kju?l /
美/ ?mɑ?l?kju?l /
n. 分子，摩爾；少量，一點(diǎn)兒；微小顆粒，微粒