Dec 23 雙語精選：英語國家最大姓出爐，知道是哪個嗎？

2019-12-23 11:19:2905:30 6.4萬

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歡迎訂閱主播“中國日報網(wǎng)”在喜馬拉雅上的【China Daily 英語新聞】和【24節(jié)氣英語說】兩個專輯，通過我們的節(jié)目，不錯過世界上發(fā)生的趣事！

Sugar causes depression
研究稱吃甜食加重抑郁

If you've been feeling especially blue, a new study suggests getting those visions of sugar plums out of your head. Researchers at the University of Kansas say that the added sugars found in virtually all holiday sweets can induce inflammatory and neurobiological processes that are connected to depression and negative feelings.

一項新研究認(rèn)為，如果你覺得特別難過，那就別再想著糖果了?？八_斯大學(xué)的研究人員稱，幾乎所有人們在節(jié)假日里吃掉的糖果中都含有不健康的添加糖，這些糖會引發(fā)炎癥，還會誘發(fā)與抑郁和消極情緒相關(guān)的神經(jīng)生物學(xué)過程。

Seasonal-depression and winter-depression symptoms will push individuals to eat more sweets. This will, in turn, only create a vicious cycle of feeling down and eating sweets to feel better, only to end up feeling even worse.

季節(jié)性抑郁癥和冬季抑郁癥的癥狀都會使人去吃更多的甜食，而這么做只會造成一個惡性循環(huán)：心情低落，吃甜食感覺好些，最終卻令人心情更糟。

Researchers said the inflammation caused by excess sugar is the number one contributor to depressive thoughts. They recommend non-processed foods, particularly those rich in plant-based and Omega-3 fatty acids, in order to combat depression on a dietary level.

研究人員表示，過多糖分引發(fā)的炎癥是導(dǎo)致抑郁心緒的首要因素。他們建議人們吃未加工的食品，尤其是那些富含植物脂肪酸以及歐米伽-3脂肪酸的食物，從而從飲食上對抗抑郁癥。

重點詞匯

1、depression

英 /d??pre?n/ 美 /d??pre?n/

n. 沮喪；憂愁；抑郁癥；洼地；不景氣；低氣壓區(qū)

2、symptom

英 /?s?mpt?m/ 美 /?s?mpt?m/

n. [臨床] 癥狀；征兆

3、inflammation

英 /??nfl??me??n/ 美 /??nfl??me??n/

n. [病理] 炎癥；[醫(yī)] 發(fā)炎；燃燒；發(fā)火

Smith most common last name

英語國家最大姓:史密斯

"Smith" is still the most commonly used surname in every English-speaking country around the globe, a study has found. Lending firm NetCredit has researched the world's most common family names by country by charting its usage in a series of maps.

一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，"史密斯"仍然是全球所有英語國家最常用的姓氏。信貸公司NetCredit研究了各國最常見的姓氏，并將其使用情況繪制在多張地圖上。

The maps show that Smith is still the most frequently used surname in the US, the UK, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. The name "Smith" originates as an Anglo-Saxon term for a metal worker or blacksmith.

這些地圖顯示，史密斯仍然是美國、英國、加拿大、澳大利亞和新西蘭最常用的姓氏。"史密斯"起源于盎格魯-撒克遜人對金屬工人或鐵匠的稱呼。

Some reports put the very first use of surnames as early as 2852 BC in China. In China, one in every 13 people have "Wang" as their second name. In South Korea, one in five are named "Kim", and in Vietnam, 25% of people are named "Nguyen". The most prevalent surname in South America is "Gonzalez" which derives itself from a Spanish name, originating in the German word for "battle".

有報道稱，中國是最早使用姓氏的國家，大約在公元前2852年開始使用。在中國，每13個人中就有一個人姓"王"。在韓國，1/5的人姓"金"，而在越南，25%的人姓"阮"。南美洲最常見的姓氏是"岡薩雷斯"，源于西班牙姓氏，這個詞起源于德語中表示"戰(zhàn)斗"的單詞。

重點詞匯

1、originate

英 /??r?d??ne?t/ 美 /??r?d??ne?t/

vt. 引起；創(chuàng)作

vi. 發(fā)源；發(fā)生；起航

2、derive

英 /d??ra?v/ 美 /d??ra?v/

vt. 源于；得自；獲得；衍生（后常跟 from）

vi. 起源

First 3D-printed neighborhood

首個3D打印社區(qū)將問世

A giant 3D printer built two houses in an impoverished, rural part of Mexico last week, breaking ground on what will be the first 3D-printed neighborhood in the world. The poor families live in a seismic zone that's prone to flooding in the state of Tabasco, Mexico. Building something that will withstand an earthquake and keep them dry during heavy rains was a key consideration when it came to the design.

上周，一臺巨型3D打印機(jī)在墨西哥一處貧困的農(nóng)村地區(qū)建造了兩棟房屋，接下來世界上第一個3D打印社區(qū)將在這里破土動工。一些貧窮的家庭居住在墨西哥塔巴斯科州容易發(fā)生洪水的地震帶中。因此建造既經(jīng)得起地震，又能在大雨中保持干燥的房屋是設(shè)計時關(guān)鍵的考慮因素。

A nonprofit called New Story paired up with a construction technology company that developed Vulcan II, the 3D-printing robotics being used on the project. The 33-foot printer pipes out a concrete mix that hardens when it dries, building the walls one layer at a time.

非營利組織"新故事"和一家建筑技術(shù)公司展開合作，后者開發(fā)了用于該項目的名為"Vulcan II"的3D打印機(jī)器人。這款3D打印機(jī)長33英尺(約合10米)，可以用管道做出混凝土混合物，混合物在干燥后會變硬，每次可建造一層墻壁。

It takes several days to build two houses at the same time. The concrete mix is sturdier than traditional concrete. The foundation is reinforced to withstand seismic activity.

該打印機(jī)可以在幾天內(nèi)同時建起兩棟房屋。這種混凝土混合物要比傳統(tǒng)的混凝土更加結(jié)實，地基經(jīng)加固后可以承受住地震活動。

Developers hope to build 50 new houses by the end of 2020, replacing structures residents built themselves out of wood, metal and whatever materials they could afford.

開發(fā)商希望在2020年底前3D打印出50棟新房，以取代居民們用木頭、金屬和其它任何他們買得起的材料自主建造的房屋。

重點詞匯

1、impoverished

英 /?m?p?v?r??t/ 美 /?m?pɑ?v?r??t/

adj. 窮困的；用盡了的，無創(chuàng)造性的

v. 使貧困（impoverish的過去分詞）

2、seismic

英 /?sa?zm?k/ 美 /?sa?zm?k/

adj. 地震的；因地震而引起的

3、consideration

英 /k?n?s?d??re??n/ 美 /k?n?s?d??re??n/

n. 考慮；原因；關(guān)心；報酬

4、robotic

美 /ro??bɑ?t?k/

adj. 機(jī)器人的，像機(jī)器人的；自動的

n. 機(jī)器人學(xué)

5、sturdy （比較級sturdier）

英 /?st??di/ 美 /?st??rdi/

adj. 堅定的；強(qiáng)健的；健全的

n. 羊暈倒病

6、reinforced

英 /ri??n'f??st/ 美 /,ri?n'f?rst/

adj. 加固的；增強(qiáng)的

v. 加強(qiáng)；鞏固；（使）更結(jié)實；增援，（使）更強(qiáng)大；增進(jìn)，加深（reinforce 的過去式及過去分詞）

Air quality worst on cruise

郵輪是空氣污染重災(zāi)區(qū)

The level of pollution on some cruise ship is worse than in the world's most polluted cities like Delhi, an investigation on Britain's biggest crew operator P&O Cruises has found.

一項針對英國最大的郵輪運(yùn)營公司P&O游輪的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，某些郵輪上空氣污染的程度比德里等世界上污染最嚴(yán)重的城市還要嚴(yán)重。

The investigation found one cruise ship can emit as much particulate matter as 1m cars in a day. The air on the deck downwind of the ship's funnels had 84,000 particulates per cu cm, according to data from particle counter. Directly next to the funnels on the deck, the numbers rocketed to 144,000 with a peak at 226,000. Passengers are likely to be breathing some of these particulates, which are harmful for health and the environment.

調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，一艘游輪一天排放的微粒物相當(dāng)于100萬輛汽車的排放量。來自微粒計數(shù)器的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，在甲板上煙囪背風(fēng)處的位置，微粒物含量為每立方厘米8.4萬個。在甲板上緊挨著煙囪的位置，微粒物含量飆升至每立方厘米14.4萬個，峰值達(dá)每立方厘米22.6萬個。乘客很可能吸入部分這些有害健康和環(huán)境的微粒物。

"Short term exposure can cause increasing respiratory symptoms. People who are asthmatic for example, that might give them a wheeze. Similarly for people with cardiovascular disease," an expert said.

有專家稱，短時間暴露在污染空氣中會導(dǎo)致呼吸道癥狀加劇。例如患哮喘的人，就會變得氣喘吁吁?；夹难芗膊〉娜艘矔霈F(xiàn)類似癥狀。

重點詞匯

1、cruise ship

游輪，游艇

2、downwind

英 /?da?n?w?nd/ 美 /?da?n?w?nd/

adv. 順風(fēng)；在下風(fēng)

adj. 順風(fēng)的

3、particle

英 /?pɑ?t?kl/ 美 /?pɑ?rt?kl/

n. 顆粒；[物] 質(zhì)點；極小量；小品詞

4、funnel