M: Good evening, everybody. Despite new promise of aid, international leaders provided disheartening assessments of the current battle against Ebola. The head of the World Bank said the international community—community had "failed miserably" in its initial response. The director of the Center for disease control said the situation reminded him of the early days of the AIDS epidemic. We get our own assessment from one of the few nongovernmental groups treating patients in West Africa. International Medical Corps has built a treatment clinic in Liberia and is constructing other facilities in both Liberia and Sierra Leone. Its president and CEO, Mary Johnson, joins me now. Thank you for joining us.
W: Thank you, Jack.
M: How many beds, how many facilities, how many people would you say that you're engaged in treating now?
W: OK, So, in Liberia, International Medical Corps opened up a 70-bed hospital—or actually we call it a treatment unit. We opened that up in mid-September. We are scaling up and we will be opening up another treatment unit in Sierra Leone. In Liberia, we have about 200 people working in this treatment unit, trying to contain it, as well as treating people who have Ebola, With the hopes that they will recover, and they are recovering when they receive treatment.
M: Do you have any sense that the progress of this disease is being—is slowing?
W: Well, let me say that it's clear that efforts, like ours' and other organization's, are working. When there are treatment efforts, when there are health care workers to treat patients as they come in—I mean, our first patients that arrived to our treatment unit, they died at the doorstep. But now we see that patients are recovering, and they are returning back to their families. So any efforts around treatment and containment are working. The problem and the challenge is that there are just not enough operational efforts on the ground. That's the challenge.
M: Is that because a lack of international action or nongovernmental action, or is it because the infrastructure in these communities is so difficult that even if you sent them 10 pop-up hospitals, they couldn't build them?
W: OK. Well, it's a number of factors. One certainly, the health care infrastructure are very weak in West Africa, under-resourced. They don't have enough health workers. That's one thing. The second thing is the spread wasn't contained more quickly some months ago. International donors are stepping up. In fact, our treatment unit in Liberia was made possible from a grant from US AID's Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance. It took 5 million to open that up and about a million a month. So, part of it is that the resources need to be there, but also people are really afraid. They are afraid to provide treatment because they also need to keep their own health workers safe. And so one of the things that we have done is we have said to other community health people as well as other international NGOs, we will provide case management protocol training. We will train their workers so that they can open up more treatment facilities. The problem we have now is that the disease and the outbreak is being—is outpacing the operational efforts on the ground. There are a lot of plans in place, by the way, to change that, and we're still within that window.
M: Well, Mary, thank you very much for staying with us today.
W: You're welcome.
Questions 1 to 5 are based on what you have just heard.
Q1: What is international leaders' assessment of the current battle against Ebola?
Q2: How many people are now working in the treatment unit in Liberia?
Q3: According to Mary, what is the challenge in the battle against Ebola?
Q4: Why do health workers need case management protocol training?
Q5: What does this interview mainly talk about?
男：雖然一直有國家做出援助承諾，許多國際領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者還是對當(dāng)前抗擊埃博拉的努力做出負(fù)面評價(jià)。世界銀行行長說，國際社會(huì)在最初反應(yīng)方面“慘敗”。疾病控制中心的主任說，這種情況讓他想起了抗擊艾滋病的最初階段。有幾個(gè)非政府組織在西非治療病人，我們從它們那里得到了評估。國際醫(yī)療隊(duì)在利比里亞建立了一個(gè)治療診所，目前正在利比里亞和塞拉利昂建設(shè)其他機(jī)構(gòu)。我身旁這位是國際醫(yī)療隊(duì)總裁兼首席執(zhí)行官瑪麗·約翰遜。謝謝你參加我們的節(jié)目。
女：謝謝你,杰克。
男：當(dāng)前的治療中，你們投入了多少床位、機(jī)構(gòu)以及醫(yī)護(hù)人員?
女：好吧，國際醫(yī)療隊(duì)在利比里亞開了一家70個(gè)床位的醫(yī)院，實(shí)際上我們稱之為診療中心。是在9月中旬開的。我們正在擴(kuò)大規(guī)模，將在塞拉利昂再開一家診療中心。在利比里亞，我們有大約200人在這個(gè)診療中心工作，試圖控制埃博拉病毒，同時(shí)為病人提供治療，希望他們能康復(fù)，其實(shí)開始治療后他們就在康復(fù)了。
男：你覺得這種疾病的發(fā)展速度有沒有放緩？
女：嗯，讓我說的話，很明顯，我們這些組織的努力初見成效。我們努力提供醫(yī)療服務(wù)，病人來就診時(shí)，能馬上得到醫(yī)護(hù)人員的救治。我們的第一批病人剛剛來到我們的診療中心，就不幸去世了。但現(xiàn)在我們可以看到病人正在康復(fù)，陸續(xù)出院。因此，治療和遏制方面的努力都在發(fā)揮作用。問題和挑戰(zhàn)在于，當(dāng)?shù)貨]有足夠的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)力量。這是一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)。
男：是因?yàn)閲H行動(dòng)或非政府行動(dòng)不足，還是因?yàn)檫@些社區(qū)的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施非常落后，即使你給他們送去10家臨時(shí)醫(yī)院，他們也無法經(jīng)營?
女：好吧。有很多因素。第一，在西非，衛(wèi)生保健基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施非常薄弱，資源不足。這里缺少衛(wèi)生工作者。這是其一。還有，病毒幾個(gè)月前沒有受到快速遏制。國際捐助者正在加緊行動(dòng)。事實(shí)上，我們在利比里亞的診療中心是由美國國際開發(fā)署的外國災(zāi)難援助辦公室提供的。開張需要500萬，日常經(jīng)營每月大約需要100萬。所以，目前的問題是資源需要就位，而人們的恐懼也是一個(gè)問題。他們害怕提供治療，因?yàn)樗麄円残枰Ｗo(hù)自己的醫(yī)護(hù)人員。所以我們告訴其他社區(qū)衛(wèi)生人員以及其他國際非政府組織，我們將提供病例管理制度培訓(xùn)。我們將為這些工作人員提供培訓(xùn)，以便他們能開放更多的治療機(jī)構(gòu)。我們現(xiàn)在面臨的問題是疾病和疫情的爆發(fā)速度正在超過當(dāng)?shù)乜箵舨《镜乃俣?。順便說一下，要改變這種局面，有很多計(jì)劃已經(jīng)就位，而我們還有機(jī)會(huì)。
男：瑪麗，非常感謝你今天來到這里。
女：不客氣。
請根據(jù)剛才聽到的內(nèi)容，回答第1題至第5題。
問:國際領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人對當(dāng)前抗擊埃博拉疫情行動(dòng)的評價(jià)是什么?
問:現(xiàn)在有多少人在利比里亞的診療中心工作?
問題3:根據(jù)瑪麗的說法，抗擊埃博拉病毒的挑戰(zhàn)是什么?
問4:為什么衛(wèi)生工作者需要案例管理制度培訓(xùn)?
Q5:這次采訪主要內(nèi)容是什么?
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