英語新聞 | 三星堆上新：為中華文明多元一體再添新證

英語新聞|三星堆上新：為中華文明多元一體再添新證

Cultural relics that are more than 3 millennia old and feature previously unknown shapes were recently found during an archaeological excavation in the Sanxingdui site in Sichuan province, and they appear to be a mysterious yet key part of ancient Chinese civilization.

近日，在四川省展開的三星堆遺址考古發(fā)掘中，再一次發(fā)現(xiàn)了三千多年前異彩紛呈的出土文物，三星堆給中華文明又增添了濃墨重彩的一筆。

Ran Honglin, a leading archaeologist on the project, said in a news conference on Monday in the Sanxingdui Museum in the city of Guanghan that 3,155 cultural relics in complete structure－including 1,238 bronze wares and 543 gold and 565 jade artifacts－were recovered from six pits on the site.

6月13日，四川省文物考古研究院三星堆考古研究所所長(zhǎng)冉宏林在四川廣漢召開的三星堆遺址考古發(fā)掘階段性成果新聞發(fā)布會(huì)上表示，新發(fā)現(xiàn)的6座祭祀坑中出土接近完整的器物3155件，其中包括1238件青銅器、543件金器和565件玉器。

Including broken parts and fragments, a total of 13,000 relics offered new clues to the ancient civilization of Shu. The ancient state of Shu dominated what is today's Sichuan province, but documentation on the state is insufficient.

包括破碎的部分及碎片在內(nèi)，有共計(jì)13000件文物出土，為古蜀文明提供了新的線索。古代蜀國(guó)主要位于今天的四川省內(nèi)，目前有關(guān)該國(guó)的文獻(xiàn)資料不足。

The Sanxingdui site, discovered in 1929, has been key to unveiling the brilliance of the state lost in history.

1929年發(fā)現(xiàn)的三星堆遺址是揭開我國(guó)歷史上消失文明的關(guān)鍵。

In 1986, two pits full of bronze artifacts, notably bizarre-looking masks and human figurines, were accidentally found in Sanxingdui, drawing worldwide attention to the site. They are now generally thought by archaeologists to have been used for sacrificial ceremonies.

1986年，在三星堆意外發(fā)現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)裝滿青銅器的坑，特別是縱目面具和青銅大立人，引發(fā)全世界的關(guān)注。如今考古學(xué)家普遍認(rèn)為這些青銅器用于祭祀儀式。

In the latest round of excavations, which began in 2020, another six "sacrificial" pits were found next to the original pair.

自2020年以來的最新一輪挖掘工作中，在原來的兩個(gè)“祭祀坑”旁邊相繼發(fā)現(xiàn)了六個(gè)“祭祀坑”。

Ran, who is from the Sichuan Provincial Cultural Relics and Archaeology Research Institute, said new carbon-dating results on about 200 relics in the pits showed they dated from 1131 to 1012 BC, about 3,200 to 3,000 years ago, during the late period of the Shang Dynasty.

四川省文物考古研究院三星堆考古研究所所長(zhǎng)冉宏林表示，坑中約200件文物經(jīng)過碳14測(cè)年結(jié)果表明，其年代為公元前1131年至1012年的商代晚期，距今約3200至3000年。

"The question of its age, which had been bothering us the past 30-some years, has been solved," Ran said.

冉宏林說：“這解決了過去三十年來關(guān)于‘祭祀坑’埋藏年代的爭(zhēng)議。”

More bronze masks, covered with gold, and figurines in various shapes continued to be unearthed this year. An exquisite bronze altar and other ceremonial artifacts made of bronze and jade may further highlight the Shu people's religious rites.

今年陸續(xù)出土更多覆蓋著黃金的青銅面具，以及各種形狀的小雕像。精美的青銅祭壇和其他由青銅和玉石制成的器物，進(jìn)一步呈現(xiàn)古蜀文明的宗教儀式。

Among the stunning finds in recent months were a netlike grid covering a tortoise shell-shaped vessel, a human figurine with a serpent body carrying a ritual vessel known as a zun on its head, and a bronze dragon-shaped artifact with a pig's nose.

最近幾個(gè)月發(fā)現(xiàn)了很多前所未有的器物，包括一件龜背形網(wǎng)格狀器，一件頂尊蛇身銅人像以及一件銅豬鼻龍形器。

"We had never seen anything like these, and we don't even know how to describe the patterns of their shapes in few words," Ran said. "It's also confusing for us to speculate how they were used, before further study.

“我們從未見過這樣的東西，甚至不知道如何來描述它們的樣式，”冉宏林說。“在進(jìn)一步研究之前，讓我們感到困惑的就是要推測(cè)它們是如何使用的。”

"But these artifacts feature a mixture of typical local cultural relic styles as well as those from China's Central Plains at that time," he explained. "It demonstrates that, through close communication, the ancient Shu culture became a key part of an early-stage Chinese civilization."

“這些文物融合了古蜀文明的特征以及當(dāng)時(shí)中原地區(qū)文化的代表，”他解釋說?！斑@表明，古時(shí)通過密切的交流，古蜀文化成為中華文明的重要組成部分?！?/p>

The archaeologists are amazed by more than the artifacts. In the northwestern part of the excavation area, an architectural foundation covering about 80 square meters was also newly excavated. It was found to be surrounded by more "small pits".

令考古學(xué)家們嘆為觀止的不僅是文物，在發(fā)掘區(qū)的西北部，還新挖掘了一個(gè)占地約80平方米的建筑地基，并發(fā)現(xiàn)其周圍有很多“小坑”。

These small pits were essentially left untouched after some artifacts were exposed, but the complicated structure of the architecture made Ran speculate that they may be part of a large sacrificial area together with the previously found eight pits. However, he said it is too early to conclude that it is a shrine.

這些小坑在一些文物出土后基本上沒有被觸及，但復(fù)雜的建筑結(jié)構(gòu)讓冉宏林推測(cè)它們可能與之前發(fā)現(xiàn)的八個(gè)“祭祀坑”一起作為一個(gè)大祭祀?yún)^(qū)域。然而，他表示現(xiàn)在下結(jié)論認(rèn)為它是神社還為時(shí)過早。

Ran said these latest excavations at the site will continue no later than Spring Festival next year, but more effort and time will be spent in laboratories.

冉宏林說，最新的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)挖掘工作將在明年春節(jié)前繼續(xù)進(jìn)行，但更多的精力和時(shí)間將花在實(shí)驗(yàn)室中。

"So many bronze wares were found, and we've fully cleaned about 70 of them so far," said Xie Zhenbin, a leading conservator at the Sichuan institute. "The number seems small, but the work requires patience and the determination to collect as much historical information as we can and conserve the relics in the best way."

四川文物考古研究院文物保護(hù)中心主任謝振斌說：“到目前為止，在多個(gè)出土的青銅器中已經(jīng)徹底清理了大約70件。數(shù)量看似不多，但這項(xiàng)工作需要耐心和決心，盡可能多地收集歷史信息，并以最好的方式保護(hù)文物。”

Xie said a breakthrough was made in taking care of fragile items, such as 600 ivory tusks recovered from the pits, by adopting new technologies. The use of high technology research and conservation techniques yields new discoveries from the artifacts in laboratories.

他表示，通過采用新技術(shù)，在處理易碎物品方面取得了突破性進(jìn)展，例如從“祭祀坑”中發(fā)掘的600根象牙。高科技研究和保護(hù)技術(shù)的使用，令文保人員在實(shí)驗(yàn)室的文物研究中有了新的發(fā)現(xiàn)。

For example, no physical evidence of silk from 3,000 to 4,000 years ago was previously found in Southwest China. But about 20 artifacts in Sanxingdui were found to have been once covered by silk, filling a gap in historical studies.

例如，之前在我國(guó)西南地區(qū)沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)3000到4000年前存在絲綢的物證，但在三星堆出土的約20件文物都是被絲綢包裹的，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)填補(bǔ)了歷史研究的空白。

Research of plant and animal remains among the burned ashes detected in the pits could also yield greater understanding of the natural environment of Sanxingdui at that time, Xie added.

他補(bǔ)充說，對(duì)“祭祀坑”灰燼層中發(fā)現(xiàn)的動(dòng)植物遺骸進(jìn)行研究，也可以更好地了解當(dāng)時(shí)三星堆的自然環(huán)境。

"We welcome conservators from across the world to join our work on Sanxingdui," Xie said. "Interdisciplinary research can help us better explain the value of the relics and thus reconstruct a picture of early Chinese civilization."

“歡迎來自世界各地的文保人員加入我們?cè)谌嵌训墓ぷ?，”他說。“跨學(xué)科研究可以幫助我們更好地理解文物的價(jià)值，從而重建中華文明早期文化圖景?！?/p>

archaeological

英[?ɑ?k???l?d??k?l]；美[?ɑrki??lɑd??k?l]

adj.考古學(xué)的，考古學(xué)上的

excavation

英[?eksk??ve??n]；美[?eksk??ve??n]

n.挖掘；開鑿；開鑿的洞穴（或山路等）；（發(fā)掘出來的）古跡

exquisite

英[?k?skw?z?t]；美[?k?skw?z?t]

adj.精致的；劇烈的；敏銳的

speculate

英[?spekjule?t]；美[?spekjule?t]

vt.思索，猜測(cè)，推測(cè)

vi.投機(jī)；推測(cè)；思索

shrine

英[?ra?n]；美[?ra?n]

n.圣地，圣陵，神龕

ivory

英[?a?v?ri]；美[?a?v?ri]

n. 象牙；象牙制品；象牙色；象牙質(zhì)