Level 4-Day 39.North American Death and Burial

詞匯提示

1.burial 埋葬

2.funeral homes 殯儀館

3.plot 小塊地

4.separately 獨(dú)立的

5.embalms 防腐處理

6.decay 腐爛

7.acquaintances 熟人

8.deceased 死者

9.coffin 棺材

10.chest 大箱子

11.mourners 哀悼者

12.chapel 小教堂

13.hymns 唱圣歌

14.prayers 祈禱

15.sermon 布道

16.wheeled 推

17.hearse 靈車

18.cemetery 墳地

19.cremation 火葬

20.elaborate 繁復(fù)的

21.grief 悲傷

原文

North American Death and Burial

Most people in North American die either in hospital or at home.

When someone dies, arrangements are made with a funeral home to get the body and prepare it for burial.

Funeral homes are private businesses.

They usually handle most or all aspects of a funeral, except for providing the burial plot.

That usually has to be purchased separately.

Old roomy private homes and new modern one-level buildings are common types.

When the funeral director receives the body, his staff embalms it so it will not decay quickly and will look life like at the funeral service.

For one or two days before the burial, friends, relatives and acquaintances are invited to visit the funeral home and pay their respects to the dead person.

The deceased person is usually dressed in their best clothes, and lying on their back in a coffin.

A coffin is a large wooden or metal chest designed to hold the body.

Members of the dead person's immediate family usually act as hosts for the funeral home visitation.

They greet the mourners and talk to them about the deceased.

Usually, there are happy photographs of the dead person near the coffin.

Usually the mourners are asked to sign a guest book.

The funeral service may take place at a church, if the deceased person wanted that.

Frequently, however, the service is held at a chapel at the funeral home.

Attending a funeral is considered a sign of respect, and people will often travel a long distance to attend.

Usually friends and relatives will take a day off work for the occasion.

Notices are put in the newspaper for several days before, so that people will know when to come.

A minister or priest usually conducts the funeral service.

There will be hymns, prayers, and perhaps a sermon, like a regular church service.

Sometimes, a member of the family does this.

Opportunity is allowed for other people to talk about their memories of the dead person.

At the end of the service, the coffin is wheeled out to a waiting car, called a hearse, which drives the dead person to the burial place.

The mourners go to their cars and follow the hearse to the cemetery.

At the cemetery, a hole has already been dug to receive the coffin.

Sometimes, flowers are put on top of the coffin as it is lowered into the grave.

A handful of soil is tossed on the coffin, indicating burial.

Usually the mourners leave before the cemetery workers cover the coffin with earth.

Then the mourners may all go back toa church hall or restaurant for a meal.

A funeral can be quite costly.

Even an inexpensive coffin can be several thousand dollars.

Sometimes, the deceased will be placed in an expensive rental coffin for the visitation and funeral,but buried in a less expensive coffin.

Even so, a full funeral rarely costs less than $5,000, and usually quite a lot more.

And this does not include the price of the burial plot or the stone grave marker.

Sometimes poor people are buried at government expense.

It is traditional in North American to bury the whole body in the ground.

The advantage of cremation is that it is less expensive, uses less land,and it appeals to people who don't want an elaborate funeral.

Some people may wonder why so much attention is paid to a dead person.

But funerals are really for the living.

They are a way of saying goodbye to the dead person and receiving mutual support and encouragement from friends and family.

Some funeral homes help to organize grief counselling or support groups to grieving family members.

Usually the funeral service is performed in the Christian traditionand refers to the hope of resurrection or rebirth from the dead that Christians believe in.

It is now becoming common for people to plan their own funeral service before they die.

And usually attempts are made to make the service appropriate to the person who died.

This makes it more satisfying and memorable for the family and friends.

翻譯

北美的死亡與埋葬

北美大多數(shù)人要么死于醫(yī)院，要么死于家中。
當(dāng)有人死亡時(shí)，會(huì)安排殯儀館來取尸體并準(zhǔn)備埋葬。
殯儀館是私營企業(yè)。
他們通常處理葬禮的大部分或所有方面，除了提供埋葬地點(diǎn)。
通常需要單獨(dú)購買。
老式寬敞的私人住宅和新的現(xiàn)代化單層建筑是常見的類型。
當(dāng)葬禮主管收到尸體時(shí)，他的工作人員會(huì)對尸體進(jìn)行防腐處理，這樣尸體不會(huì)很快腐爛，而且看起來像葬禮上的一樣。
在葬禮前的一兩天，朋友、親戚和熟人都會(huì)被邀請去殯儀館，并向死者表示敬意。
死者通常穿著最好的衣服，躺在棺材里。
棺材是用來裝尸體的大木箱或金屬箱。
死者的直系親屬通常擔(dān)任殯儀館探視的主人。
他們問候哀悼者，并與他們談?wù)撍勒摺?br>通常，棺材附近都有死者高興時(shí)的照片。
通常，送葬者會(huì)被要求在一本留言簿上簽名。
如果死者愿意，葬禮可以在教堂舉行。
然而，葬禮通常在殯儀館的小教堂舉行。
參加葬禮被認(rèn)為是一種尊重，人們通常會(huì)長途跋涉參加葬禮。
通常朋友和親戚會(huì)為此請假休息一天。
通知在報(bào)紙上刊登了幾天，這樣人們就知道什么時(shí)候來了。
牧師或神父通常主持葬禮。
會(huì)有唱贊美詩、祈禱，也許還會(huì)有布道，就像教堂的常規(guī)儀式一樣。
有時(shí)，家庭成員會(huì)這樣做。
其他人有機(jī)會(huì)談?wù)撍麄儗λ勒叩挠洃洝?br>服務(wù)結(jié)束后，棺木被推到一輛等候的車上，這輛車被稱為靈車，將死者送往墓地。
送葬者走到自己的車上，跟隨靈車前往墓地。
在墓地，已經(jīng)挖了一個(gè)洞來安放棺材。
有時(shí)，當(dāng)棺材被放進(jìn)墳?zāi)箷r(shí)，鮮花會(huì)放在棺材的頂部。
一把土被扔在棺材上，表示埋葬。
通常，送葬者在墓地工人用泥土覆蓋棺木之前離開。
然后，送葬者可能都會(huì)回到教堂大廳或餐廳用餐。
葬禮可能會(huì)很昂貴。
即使是一個(gè)便宜的棺材也要幾千美元。
有時(shí)，死者會(huì)被安置在一個(gè)昂貴的租賃棺材中，用于探視和葬禮，但埋葬在一個(gè)較便宜的棺材中。
即便如此，一場完整的葬禮的費(fèi)用很少低于5000美元，而且通常要高得多。
這還不包括墓地或石墓標(biāo)記的價(jià)格。
有時(shí)窮人被政府埋葬。
在北美，將全身埋在地下是一種傳統(tǒng)。
火葬的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是成本更低，使用更少的土地，并且它吸引了那些不想舉行精心葬禮的人。
有些人可能會(huì)想，為什么這么多人關(guān)注一個(gè)死人。
但葬禮真的是為活人準(zhǔn)備的。
這是一種向死者道別的方式，也是一種從朋友和家人那里得到相互支持和鼓勵(lì)的方式。
一些殯儀館幫助為悲痛的家庭成員組織悲痛咨詢或支持小組。
通常，葬禮是在基督教傳統(tǒng)中進(jìn)行的，指的是基督徒所信仰的從死者中復(fù)活或重生的希望。
現(xiàn)在，人們在死前計(jì)劃自己的葬禮已經(jīng)很普遍了。
通常會(huì)嘗試使服務(wù)適合死者。
這讓家人和朋友更加滿意和難忘。