2022年6月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)聽力真題短文(1)

Passage One
第一篇文章
The golden rule is a moral principle, which states that you should treat others the way you want to be treated yourself.
黃金法則是一條道德原則，它規(guī)定你希望自己被別人怎樣對(duì)待，你應(yīng)該用同樣的方式來對(duì)待別人。
For example, if you want people to treat you with respect, you should treat them with respect.
例如，你希望人們尊重你，你就應(yīng)該尊重他們。
Different people tend to be exposed to different forms of the golden rule, based on factors such as the religion in their society.
根據(jù)社會(huì)中的宗教等因素，不同的人往往會(huì)接觸到不同形式的黃金法則。
However, all forms of the golden rule revolve around the same concept.
然而，所有形式的黃金法則都圍繞著同一個(gè)概念。
Namely, they help you treat others better, by using the way you yourself would want to be treated as a guide of how to behave.
也就是說，把你希望別人對(duì)待你的方式作為行為準(zhǔn)則，你就可以更好地對(duì)待他人。
A notable criticism of the golden rule is that its application can lead to undesirable outcomes when it conflicts with laws and ethical principles.
黃金法則明顯需要批判的一點(diǎn)是，當(dāng)其與法律和道德原則相沖突時(shí)，可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致不良后果。
For example, if someone breaks the law, the golden rule would suggest that we should let them go, because we would not want to be punished ourselves.
例如，有人違法了，黃金法則會(huì)建議我們放過他們，因?yàn)槲覀円膊幌胱约菏艿綉土P。
However, this issue with the golden rule can be dealt with in a general manner, by viewing this principle as one of several principles that we use to guide our behavior as individuals and as a society.
然而，這個(gè)關(guān)于黃金法則的問題可以用一般的方式來解決，將這一原則視為我們用來引導(dǎo)個(gè)人和社會(huì)行為的幾個(gè)原則之一。
Specifically, in the example described above, most individuals and societies choose to place laws and ethical principles above the golden rule.
具體來說，在上述例子中，大多數(shù)個(gè)人和社會(huì)選擇將法律和道德原則置于黃金法則之上。
This means that they strive to implement the golden rule whenever possible, as long as it doesn't clash with a more important concept.
這意味著，只要不與更重要的概念沖突，他們就會(huì)盡可能地執(zhí)行黃金法則。
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
請(qǐng)根據(jù)你剛剛聽到的文章回答問題16到問題18。
Question16：What do we learn from the passage about the golden rule?
問題16：我們從這篇關(guān)于黃金法則的文章中學(xué)到了什么？
Question17：What is a notable criticism of the golden rule?
問題17：黃金法則明顯需要批判的一點(diǎn)是什么？
Question18：What does the example of someone breaking the law serve to show?
問題18：有人違法的例子說明了什么？