9月6日午間英語新聞：12%的美國人吃掉了該國一半的牛肉

This small group of people are eating half of America's beef
12%的美國人吃掉了該國一半的牛肉

Half of all the beef consumed in the United States is eaten by just 12 percent of the population, a new study has found. This impacts not only the health of these individuals but also the health of our planet. 
一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，美國消費的牛肉中有一半是由12%的人口食用的。這不僅影響了這些人的健康，也影響了我們這個星球的健康。

According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Americans ate 30 billion pounds of beef as a nation in 2021, equaling nearly 60 pounds per person. 
根據(jù)美國農(nóng)業(yè)部的數(shù)據(jù)，2021 年美國人吃掉了300 億磅牛肉，相當(dāng)于每人吃掉近 60 磅。

However, excessive consumption of beef and red meat has been associated with an increased risk of colon cancer, heart disease and strokes. 
然而，過量食用牛肉和紅肉與患結(jié)腸癌、心臟病和中風(fēng)的風(fēng)險增加有關(guān)。

According to the latest Dietary Guidelines for Americans, we should aim to eat not more than 4 ounces of meat, poultry or eggs per day as part of a 2,200-calorie diet. 
根據(jù)最新的《美國人膳食指南》，作為 2200 卡路里飲食的一部分，美國人應(yīng)力求每天攝入的肉類、家禽或雞蛋不超過 4 盎司。

Beef also has a particularly large carbon footprint, producing 8 to 10 times more greenhouse gas emissions than chicken. This is largely due to the significant quantities of methane belched out by cows. 
牛肉的碳足跡也特別大，其溫室氣體排放量是雞肉的 8 到 10 倍。這主要是由于奶牛會排出大量甲烷。

Because of this, many Americans are trying to eat less meat. A Gallup poll in September 2019 found that nearly one in four U.S. adults were cutting back on their meat consumption. But many of these people only contribute a very small amount to the nation's overall beef consumption. 

正因為如此，許多美國人都在努力少吃肉。蓋洛普公司 2019 年 9 月的一項民意調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，近四分之一的美國成年人正在減少肉類消費。但他們中的許多人只占全美牛肉總消費量的很小一部分。

In a recent study, published in the journal Nutrients on Aug 30, researchers from Tulane University in Louisiana analyzed data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which tracked the meals of more than 10,000 adults over a 24-hour period. From this data, half of all the beef consumed was accounted for by just 12 percent of the participants. 
路易斯安那州杜蘭大學(xué)的研究人員在 8 月 30 日發(fā)表在《營養(yǎng)素》雜志上的一項最新研究中，分析了美國疾病控制和預(yù)防中心（CDC）全美健康和營養(yǎng)調(diào)查的數(shù)據(jù)，該調(diào)查跟蹤了 1 萬多名成年人 24 小時內(nèi)的膳食情況。從這些數(shù)據(jù)中可以看出， 僅占12% 的參與者卻攝入了一半的牛肉。

Those 12 percent were most likely to be men or people between 50 and 65. 
這 12% 的人很可能是男性或年齡在 50 歲至 65 歲之間的人。

What this means for sustainability and health messaging is unclear. "On one hand, if it's only 12 percent accounting for half the beef consumption, you could make some big gains if you get those 12 percent on board," study author Diego Rose said in a statement. "On the other hand, those 12 percent may be most resistant to change." 
這對可持續(xù)發(fā)展和健康信息傳播意味著什么尚不清楚。研究報告的作者迭戈?羅斯（Diego Rose）在一份聲明中說："一方面，如果只有12%的人占到牛肉消費量的一半，那么如果能讓這12%的人加入進來，就能取得很大的進展。另一方面，這12%的人可能最抗拒改變"。

Almost a third of the beef consumed on any given day came in the form of cuts such as steak or brisket. However, six of the top 10 sources were mixed dishes like burgers, burritos, tacos and spaghetti bolognese. 
每天消費的牛肉中，幾乎有三分之一是以牛排或牛腩等切塊的形式出現(xiàn)的。不過，在前 10 種牛肉來源中，有 6 種是混合菜肴，如漢堡、卷餅、墨西哥卷餅和肉醬意大利面。

One of the study's co-authors, Amelia Willits-Smith, said that this provided an easy opportunity for cutting down on beef consumption. “If you're getting a burrito, you could just as easily ask for chicken instead of beef," Willits-Smith said.
這項研究的合著者之一阿米莉亞?威利茨-史密斯（Amelia Willits-Smith）說，這為減少牛肉消費提供了一個簡單的機會。他說："如果你要吃卷餅，你可以很容易地選擇雞肉而不是牛肉。

重點詞匯：

1.poultry
英/?p??ltri/
美/?po?ltri/
n.家禽；家禽肉

2.methane
英/?mi?θe?n/
美/?meθe?n/
n.甲烷，沼氣

3.bolognese
英/b?l??ne?z/
n.（肉餡和西紅柿做成的）波隆那肉醬


Fitness earlier in life reduces cancer risk when older, study shows
年輕時心肺健康能降低老年患癌風(fēng)險

Being fit earlier in life is associated with a reduced risk, in some cases of up to 42%, of developing nine different types of cancer in later life, according to a large long-term study.
一項大型長期研究顯示，年輕時身強體健可以降低年老時患上9種不同癌癥的風(fēng)險，某些情況下甚至能將風(fēng)險降低42%之多。

The new study, published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, drew from data from more than 1 million male Swedish conscripts between 16 and 25, who were followed for an average of 33 years from 1968 to 2005. The results suggested that good cardiorespiratory fitness – an individual’s ability to engage in sustained aerobic exercises such as running, cycling, and swimming – was associated with a 42% reduced risk of lung cancer, a 40% reduced risk of liver cancer, and a 39% reduced risk of oesophageal cancer.
這項發(fā)表在《英國運動醫(yī)學(xué)》雜志上的新研究查看了超100萬名16歲至25歲瑞典男性士兵的數(shù)據(jù)，從1968年到2005年這些人被跟蹤調(diào)查平均長達33年。結(jié)果表明，心肺健康的人患肺癌、肝癌和食管癌的風(fēng)險分別降低42%、40%和39%。心肺健康意味著能夠從事跑步、騎車、游泳等持續(xù)的有氧運動。

It was also associated with a lower risk of head and neck, stomach, pancreatic bowel and kidney cancer.
年輕時心肺健康的人，頭部和頸部、胃部、胰腺、腸道和腎發(fā)生癌癥的風(fēng)險也更低。

Reducing cancer risk is not the only reason to exercise. There are compound benefits across emotional health and preventing cardiovascular disease. The lead researcher, Dr Aron Onerup, said “some physical activity is better than none, but more physical activity is better for optimal health outcomes,” and emphasized that it is never too late to get fit to reap health protective benefits.
降低癌癥風(fēng)險并不是鍛煉的唯一理由。鍛煉能夠提升整體的情感健康水平，預(yù)防心血管疾病。該研究的首席研究員阿倫·奧內(nèi)洛普博士表示，“有鍛煉比沒有強，鍛煉得越多，身體就越健康”，他還強調(diào)，為了健康而鍛煉永遠不會太晚。

As for how much exercise, Dr Claire Knight, senior health information manager at Cancer Research UK, recommended 150 minutes of exercise a week, but said: “You don’t need to run a marathon or join a gym – anything that gets you warmer, slightly out of breath, and your heart beating faster counts.
那么需要多大的運動量才能有效果？英國癌癥研究院的高級健康信息主管克萊爾·奈特博士建議每周鍛煉150分鐘，但是他指出：“你不需要跑馬拉松或去健身館，只要能讓你熱起來、稍微有點氣喘、心臟加速的活動都可以?！?br>
"It doesn’t matter if you go for a brisk walk, a cycle with a friend, or even get the housework done, these could all count as ways to be active.”
“無論是快步走，還是和朋友一起騎車，甚至是做家務(wù)，這些都是鍛煉?！?br>
重點詞匯：

1.cardiorespiratory
英/?kɑ?d???r?s?pa??r?t?ri/
美/?kɑrd?or?s?pa?r?t?ri/
adj.心和肺的

2.oesophageal
英/i??s?f??d?i??l/
adj.食管的

3.pancreatic
英/?p??kri??t?k/
美/?p??kri??t?k/
adj.胰的；胰腺的

4.cardiovascular
英/?kɑ?di???v?skj?l?(r)/
美/?kɑ?rdio??v?skj?l?r/
adj.心血管的；心臟強化運動的