Text 2
文章 二
It is true that CEO pay has gone up — top ones may make 300 times the pay of typical workers on average, and since the mid-1970s, CEO pay for large publicly traded American corporations has, by varying estimates, gone up by about 500%.
的確，CEO 的薪酬已經(jīng)上漲了——最高級(jí)別的 CEO 的薪酬可能是普通工人平均薪酬的 300 倍，自 1970 年代中期以來，根據(jù)不同的估計(jì)，美國大型上市公司的首席執(zhí)行官的薪酬已經(jīng)上升了約 500%。
A typical CEO of a top American corporation now makes about $18.9 million a year.
一個(gè)典型的美國頂級(jí)企業(yè)的 CEO 現(xiàn)在的年薪約為 1890 萬美元。
The best model for understanding the growth of CEO pay is that of limited CEO talent in a world where business opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly.
理解 CEO 薪酬增長的最佳模式是，在一個(gè)頂級(jí)公司的商業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)迅速增長的世界里，CEO 人才有限。
The efforts of America's highest-earning 1% have been one of the more dynamic elements of the global economy.
美國收入最高的 1% 的人的努力一直是全球經(jīng)濟(jì)中比較活躍的因素之一。
It's not popular to say, but one reason their pay has gone up so much is that CEOs have really upped their game relative to many other workers in the U. S. economy.
這種說法可能不受歡迎，但他們的薪酬漲幅如此之大的一個(gè)原因是，相對(duì)于美國經(jīng)濟(jì)中的許多其他勞動(dòng)者，CEO 們確實(shí)提升了自己的水平。
Today's CEO, at least for major American firms, must have many more skills than simply being able to "run the company ".
今天的 CEO，至少對(duì)于美國大公司來說，必須具備更多的技能，而不僅僅是能夠 “經(jīng)營公司”。
CEOs must have a good sense of financial markets and maybe even how the company should, trade in them.
首席執(zhí)行官必須對(duì)金融市場(chǎng)，甚至公司應(yīng)該如何進(jìn)行交易有良好的意識(shí)。
They also need better public relations skills than their predecessors, as the costs of even a minor slip-up can be significant.
他們還需要比前輩有更好的公共關(guān)系技能，因?yàn)槟呐率且粋€(gè)小小的失誤，其代價(jià)也是巨大的。
Then there's the fact that large American companies are much more globalized than ever before, with supply chains spread across a larger number of countries.
還有就是美國大公司的全球化程度比以往任何時(shí)候都要高，供應(yīng)鏈遍布更多的國家。
To lead in that system requires knowledge that is fairly mind-boggling.
要想在這個(gè)體系中處于領(lǐng)先地位，所需要的知識(shí)是相當(dāng)令人匪夷所思的。
Plus, virtually all major American companies are becoming tech companies, often with their own research and development.
另外，幾乎所有大型美國公司都已成為科技公司，并且往往擁有自己的研發(fā)實(shí)力。
And beyond this, major CEOs still have to do all the day-to-day work they have always done.
而除此之外，各大 CEO 還得做他們一直以來的日常工作。
The common idea is that high CEO pay is mainly about ripping people off doesn't explain history very well.
一般人認(rèn)為，CEO 高薪只是剝削其他人罷了，而這并不能很好地解釋歷史。
By most measures, corporate governance has become a lot tighter and more rigorous since the 1970s.
從大多數(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來看，自 20 世紀(jì) 70 年代以來，公司治理已經(jīng)變得更加嚴(yán)格和嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。
Yet it is principally during this period of stronger governance that CEO pay has been high and rising.
然而，主要是在加強(qiáng)治理的這段時(shí)期內(nèi)，首席執(zhí)行官的薪酬一直很高并且還在上漲。
That suggests that it is in the broader corporate interest to recruit top candidates for increasingly tough jobs.
這說明，招聘頂尖的候選人來從事日益艱難的工作，符合更廣泛的企業(yè)利益。
Furthermore, the highest CEO salaries are paid to outside candidates, not to the cozy insider picks.
此外，CEO 的最高薪酬是支付給外部候選人的，而不是支付給那些討巧的內(nèi)部人選。
Another sign that high CEO pay is not some kind of depredation at the expense of the rest of the company.
另一個(gè)跡象表明，CEO 的高薪并不是以犧牲公司其他人員的利益為代價(jià)的某種掠奪。
And the stock market reacts positively when companies tie CEO pay to, say, stock prices, a sign that those practices build up a corporate value not just for the CEO.
而當(dāng)公司將 CEO 薪酬與股票價(jià)格等掛鉤時(shí)，股票市場(chǎng)也會(huì)做出積極的反應(yīng)，這表明這些做法建立了企業(yè)價(jià)值，而不僅僅是為了 CEO。
26. Which of the following has contributed to CEO pay rise?
26. 下列哪項(xiàng)促進(jìn)了 CEO 薪酬的上漲？
[A] The growth in the number of corporations.
A：企業(yè)數(shù)量的增長。
[B] The general pay rise with a better economy.
B：隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的好轉(zhuǎn)，薪酬普遍上漲。
[C] Increased business opportunities for top firms.
C：頂級(jí)企業(yè)的商業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)增加。
[D] Close cooperation among leading economics.
D：領(lǐng)先經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)之間的緊密合作。
27. Compared with their predecessors, today's CEOs are required to '_.
27. 與前輩相比，今天的 CEO 要 '_。
[A] foster a stronger sense of teamwork.
A：培養(yǎng)更強(qiáng)的團(tuán)隊(duì)合作意識(shí)。
[B] finance more research and development.
B：資助更多的研究和開發(fā)。
[C] establish closer ties with tech companies.
C：與科技公司建立更緊密的聯(lián)系。
[D] operate more globalized companies.
D：經(jīng)營更加全球化的公司。
28. CEO pay has been rising since the 1970s despite '_.
28. 自 20 世紀(jì) 70 年代以來，盡管 '_，CEO 的薪酬一直在上升。
[A] continual internal opposition.
A：不斷的內(nèi)部反對(duì)。
[B] strict corporate governance.
B：嚴(yán)格的公司治理。
[C] conservative business strategies.
C：保守的經(jīng)營戰(zhàn)略。
[D] repeated governance warnings.
D：反復(fù)的治理警告。
29. High CEO pay can be justified by the fact that it '_.
29. CEO 高薪酬的理由是：它 '_。
[A] confirm the status of CEOs
A：確認(rèn)了 CEO 的地位
[B] motivate inside candidates
B：激勵(lì)內(nèi)部候選人
[C] boost the efficiency of CEOs
C：提高 CEO 的效率
[D] increase corporate value
D：增加公司價(jià)值
30. The most suitable title for this text would be '_.
30. 最適合此文的標(biāo)題是 '_。
[A] CEOs Are Not Overpaid
A：CEO 的薪酬沒有過高
[B] CEO Pay: Past and Present
B：CEO 的薪酬：過去和現(xiàn)在
[C] CEOs' Challenges of Today
C：CEO 的當(dāng)今挑戰(zhàn)
[D] CEO Traits: Not Easy to Define
D：CEO 的特質(zhì)：不易界定
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