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Fresh Start: （美.個(gè)人破產(chǎn)法）重新開(kāi)始，債務(wù)免除
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Fresh Start: （美.個(gè)人破產(chǎn)法）重新開(kāi)始，債務(wù)免除
2024-09-04 19:42:5902:40 28
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歡迎來(lái)到法律英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)！ 今天，我們將討論破產(chǎn)法中的一個(gè)重要概念：“重新開(kāi)始”。
Definition:
定義：
A fresh start refers to the legal status granted to a debtor after successfully completing bankruptcy proceedings, allowing them to be discharged from most of their debts. This concept is central to the U.S. Bankruptcy Code, which aims to give individuals or businesses the opportunity to rebuild their financial lives without the weight of previous liabilities.
重新開(kāi)始是指?jìng)鶆?wù)人在成功完成破產(chǎn)程序后獲得的法律地位，允許他們免除大部分債務(wù)。該概念是美國(guó)破產(chǎn)法的核心內(nèi)容，旨在為個(gè)人或企業(yè)提供重新構(gòu)建其財(cái)務(wù)生活的機(jī)會(huì)，不再背負(fù)先前的債務(wù)。
Why is this important?
為什么這很重要？
The fresh start principle is crucial because it provides debtors with a chance to begin again financially, free of most debts that may have overwhelmed them. While not all debts are discharged—such as taxes, child support, or student loans—a fresh start allows individuals to regain financial independence after insolvency. It gives them an opportunity to rebuild credit, secure new employment, and stabilize their financial well-being.
重新開(kāi)始原則之所以重要，是因?yàn)樗鼮閭鶆?wù)人提供了一個(gè)重新開(kāi)始的機(jī)會(huì)，解除可能壓垮他們的大部分債務(wù)。雖然并非所有的債務(wù)都會(huì)被豁免——例如稅款、子女撫養(yǎng)費(fèi)或?qū)W生貸款——重新開(kāi)始讓個(gè)人在破產(chǎn)后重新獲得財(cái)務(wù)獨(dú)立。這為他們提供了重建信用、找到新工作并穩(wěn)定財(cái)務(wù)狀況的機(jī)會(huì)。
Examples of Fresh Start:
重新開(kāi)始的例子：
To help illustrate this, here are some common examples where a fresh start applies:
為了幫助說(shuō)明這一點(diǎn)，以下是一些適用于重新開(kāi)始的常見(jiàn)例子：
?Chapter 7 Bankruptcy: This is a liquidation bankruptcy in which most of the debtor’s assets are sold to pay off creditors, and after the sale, remaining debts (such as credit card debt or medical bills) are discharged, providing the debtor with a fresh start.
第7章破產(chǎn)：這是指清算型破產(chǎn)，債務(wù)人大部分資產(chǎn)被出售以償還債權(quán)人，在清算后，剩余的債務(wù)（如信用卡債務(wù)或醫(yī)療費(fèi)用）被豁免，從而為債務(wù)人提供重新開(kāi)始的機(jī)會(huì)。
?Chapter 13 Bankruptcy: In this form of bankruptcy, a debtor reorganizes their debts and agrees to a repayment plan. After completing the plan, remaining eligible debts are discharged, and the debtor gets a fresh start.
第13章破產(chǎn)：在這種破產(chǎn)形式下，債務(wù)人重新安排其債務(wù)并同意還款計(jì)劃。在完成還款計(jì)劃后，剩余符合條件的債務(wù)將被豁免，債務(wù)人可以重新開(kāi)始。
Key Takeaway:
關(guān)鍵要點(diǎn)：
The fresh start concept is vital because it reflects the purpose of bankruptcy law: to relieve debtors of their overwhelming debts while offering them a chance to move forward. It’s a system that balances creditor recovery and debtor relief, ensuring a fair opportunity for financial recovery.
重新開(kāi)始的概念非常重要，因?yàn)樗从沉似飘a(chǎn)法的目的：在為債務(wù)人提供一個(gè)減輕沉重債務(wù)的機(jī)會(huì)的同時(shí)，幫助他們前行。這個(gè)體系平衡了債權(quán)人的利益和債務(wù)人的救濟(jì)，確保為債務(wù)人提供公平的財(cái)務(wù)復(fù)蘇機(jī)會(huì)。
Thank you for tuning into Legal English Study. I hope this explanation helps you better understand the term “fresh start” and its role in bankruptcy law. Stay tuned for more clear and concise breakdowns of legal concepts. Until next time!
感謝您收聽(tīng)法律英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)。 希望這個(gè)解釋能幫助您更好地理解“重新開(kāi)始”這一術(shù)語(yǔ)及其在破產(chǎn)法中的作用。請(qǐng)繼續(xù)關(guān)注我們的節(jié)目，獲取更多清晰簡(jiǎn)明的法律概念解析。下次見(jiàn)！
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在中國(guó)法律體系中，與美國(guó)破產(chǎn)法中“fresh start”（重新開(kāi)始）這一概念最接近的術(shù)語(yǔ)是“免責(zé)制度”或“債務(wù)清償責(zé)任免除”。這一制度主要體現(xiàn)在中國(guó)的《企業(yè)破產(chǎn)法》中，用以保護(hù)破產(chǎn)債務(wù)人在清償大部分債務(wù)后，免除剩余的無(wú)法清償?shù)膫鶆?wù)，從而獲得新的財(cái)務(wù)開(kāi)始。中國(guó)的破產(chǎn)法律體系中雖未完全引入與美國(guó)“fresh start”完全相同的概念，但通過(guò)免責(zé)制度和破產(chǎn)重整機(jī)制，債務(wù)人能夠在一定條件下免除部分債務(wù)，獲得重新開(kāi)始的機(jī)會(huì)。