Impeachment: 彈劾

2024-09-13 22:23:3402:32 38
所屬專(zhuān)輯：法律英語(yǔ)｜英美法｜術(shù)語(yǔ)和案例｜訂閱可看隱藏節(jié)目
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Welcome to Legal English Study! Today, we’re diving into the concept of impeachment, which has both legal and political significance.

歡迎來(lái)到法律英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)！ 今天我們將探討彈劾的概念，這在法律和政治中都有重要意義。

Definition 1: Impeachment in Legal Testimony

In legal proceedings, impeachment refers to the process of challenging the credibility of a witness. If an attorney believes a witness is being dishonest or inconsistent, they can use various methods to cast doubt on the reliability of the testimony. This is called impeaching the witness. For example, if evidence shows that a witness lied in court or gave conflicting statements, the jury or judge may view their testimony as unreliable.

在法律程序中，彈劾是指質(zhì)疑證人的可信性的過(guò)程。如果律師認(rèn)為某個(gè)證人在作證時(shí)不誠(chéng)實(shí)或前后矛盾，他們可以通過(guò)各種方式來(lái)質(zhì)疑證詞的可靠性。這被稱(chēng)為彈劾證人。例如，如果證據(jù)顯示證人在法庭上撒謊或作出的陳述前后不一致，陪審團(tuán)或法官可能會(huì)認(rèn)為該證詞不可靠。

Why is this important?

Impeachment in legal contexts helps ensure that only truthful and reliable evidence is considered during a trial. If a witness is successfully impeached, it can severely damage the credibility of the evidence they provide, which could influence the outcome of the case.

在法律背景下，彈劾有助于確保在審判中只考慮真實(shí)可靠的證據(jù)。如果證人被成功彈劾，他們所提供的證據(jù)的可信度將受到嚴(yán)重打擊，進(jìn)而影響案件的結(jié)果。

Definition 2: Political Impeachment

In the political realm, impeachment is the constitutional process by which the U.S. House of Representatives can formally accuse a federal official (such as the President or a federal judge) of misconduct or wrongdoing. This is the first step toward removing an official from office. Once the House votes to impeach, the trial moves to the Senate, where Senators act as the jury to determine whether the official should be convicted and removed from office.

在政治領(lǐng)域，彈劾是憲法規(guī)定的程序，美國(guó)眾議院可以正式指控聯(lián)邦官員（如總統(tǒng)或聯(lián)邦法官）有不當(dāng)行為或違法行為。這是將官員免職的第一步。一旦眾議院投票通過(guò)彈劾，審判將移交至參議院，參議員將作為陪審團(tuán)來(lái)決定該官員是否應(yīng)被定罪并免職。

Why is this important?

Impeachment is a critical check on power, ensuring that high-ranking officials in the U.S. government can be held accountable for serious misconduct. It reflects the principle that no one, not even the President, is above the law.

彈劾是對(duì)權(quán)力的重要制衡，確保美國(guó)政府的高級(jí)官員可以因?yàn)閲?yán)重的不當(dāng)行為而被

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雖然中國(guó)沒(méi)有與美國(guó)“彈劾”完全對(duì)應(yīng)的法律程序，但類(lèi)似的問(wèn)責(zé)機(jī)制包括全國(guó)人大罷免權(quán)、紀(jì)委的政務(wù)處分權(quán)等。這些機(jī)制確保高級(jí)官員在有違法行為或重大失職時(shí)可以被追究責(zé)任并免職。